Introduction: One of the ways to expand cooperation in today's world is convergence with the model of REGIONALISM. At the regional and global existing order, national security of each country comes more easily through the efforts of the government and the people to obtain and increase national wealth than through the efforts to build and collect hardware facilities and create an atmosphere of insecurity, fear and threat. Scientific and instrumental elites have raised convergence in various forms to pursue any conflict occurring in Europe since the early seventeenth century. Then, international cooperation and convergence by countries and global powers has also been considered. Although the Cold War era had put regional cooperation and integration as a function of the relationship between the two dominant poles in the world, this could not prevent the formation of regional integration. Successful experiences in this regard in the eighties and REGIONALISM and regional cooperation in international relations became a substantial and stable principle for all countries around the world.Methodology: The main research method for the importance of the subject is descriptive analytical analysis in the current situation. It has been trying to use the library data, including the important and reliable internal and external resources in the knowledge of international relations, political science, political geography, political economy and political history of Iran to prove the approach of this paper. The experts in this field try to strengthen the scientific reasoning.Results and Discussion: According to Karl Deutsch, the process of integration in a regional organization is like an assembly line which was shaped during history. This process has a central core, includes one or more of the larger political unit, more advanced, more developed and more powerful. The political and economic capabilities are decisive for the integration. The compatibility to the needs and values of smaller units is necessary to maintain integration. New REGIONALISM, especially after promising movements of European Union was invigorated to this mutation from the nineties. At first, European countries were in the new conditions to begin the integration process. Then, this process was created in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Africa. REGIONALISM in non-European, third world and developing countries did not have the objectives of the integration process in Europe. Even integration in the Asia-Pacific region has not been as well as integration model in Europe. There is not capacity and necessary political will for a deeper integration and political unity in any of these areas.During this period, Iran has been able to establish eco-regional organization in cooperation with Turkey and Pakistan. But this organization has not been able to achieve economic, political and security aims. We review this issue briefly. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan, as members of the ECO Treaty, tried to affix former member states of this Union and current member of the CIS to this Treaty. They were able to increase the number of countries to ten members. However, despite the importance of regional cooperation more than before in the past decade, ECO Economic Cooperation Treaty with ten members can register much success in its repertoire. In fact, from a critical perspective, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan are the most powerful ECO members. Every member follows its own especial programs. Turkey sees itself as a European country and all its political and economic powers were used for membership in European Union. On the other hand, Pakistan has also a look at its economic relations with East and West. To do its economic resources for coordination with the international economy, it is more important for the country to strengthen cooperation with Echo.Conclusion: REGIONALISM in international politics refers to the development of economic cooperation, political and cultural ties between governments and other actors in geographic areas. Basically, region is defined as the combination of geographical areas in proximity, the high degree of interaction, institutional framework and a common cultural identity. Accordingly, the Islamic Republic of Iran as an important and influential country in the regional strategic position in the end of the war, especially with the rise of the construction government. Although there have been some ups and downs, but the country always was faced with the approach of REGIONALISM and regional cooperation and benefiting from capacity and international organizations, it has paid attention to this important issue. Despite these efforts in their desired goals of REGIONALISM approach, it cannot take required advantage. Iran has especial geopolitical situation, because it is located in a location among the crises of Iraq and Afghanistan and in neighborhood situation with the Persian Gulf crisis, Caucasus and Central Asia, South Asia (India and Pakistan) as well as it is a major player in Lebanon challenges and Syria crisis. Thus, the country is active in regional and international security issues. The Islamic Republic of Iran has spent all its efforts and activities in political life for the defense of political independence and to maintain axial discourse. It seems that it cannot introduce itself like the most influential countries in the world as an actor by trade and economic approach in the issue of REGIONALISM.

This paper deals with the importance of REGIONALISM in Iran's foreign policy. Some of the existing outlooks view the characteristics of Iran's power structure and politics in such a way that make any security - political, economic and cultural coalition and cooperation difficult in the region. But the author holds that political, security and geopolitical changes in the Middle East region after the September 11th events have reinforced the place of REGIONALISM in Iran's foreign policy. Indeed, Iran's strategic value and role in boosting regional factors are related to such factors as strong nation-state, geopolitical identity and dynamic Shii ideology. In this relation, the author defines two concepts of traditional REGIONALISM and new REGIONALISM in Iran's foreign policy orientations, each of them seeking to secure Iran's national interests and security with a different outlook. The author concludes that the Islamic Republic of Iran has to resolve political-security dilemmas with trans-regional powers including the United States by redefining elements of its national power at the regional level, establishing economic opportunities and sustainable development

While globalization and its various dimensions have challenged the vestfaly SYSTEM and traditional Goverments based on it, nation stats have not yet found a safe shelter. In fact the speed and mutation of modem globalization constitule the greates challenge for the continuation of these old players.ThiSis the case when alongsideglobalitionmodern regionalization is also talking shape. Some are of the opinion that regiorialization and glibalization work in one and the same direction,and complement each other,where as some others consider regionalization as an alternative or even antithesis to globalization.work in one and the same direction, and complement each other, where as some others consider regionalization as an alternative or even antithesis of globalization. The present article, while conducting a breif study of these two concepts, intends to clarify the relations of these two processes and to illustrate the special role of regionalization in reducing the effects of globaliZationupon the veStfalySYSTEM.

Introduction: The logic behind this article is based upon that REGIONALISM is one of the most prominent aspects of the foreign policy of the states in the world order and its forms related to types of international, which are distinguished by linear and nonlinear and in the latest form, complex and chaotic SYSTEM. This SYSTEM will lead to a model of REGIONALISM that is distinguished from its simple and traditional under-named nest network model which its rules will govern on the foreign policy of Iran, Russia, and China. It has been said that these three countries are experiencing nested network REGIONALISM. Their New REGIONALISM is a product of the nesting of constructions, dynamics, power cycles, and especially the control SYSTEM of the regional SYSTEM that change shaping the regional order. Nested network REGIONALISM can create joint responses to common challenges and the benefits of sharing common interests, such as a collective defense mechanism and joint exploitation of other resources cross-border this network. Despite the vast array of subjects covered few clear and interrelated researches can be identified. Its various dimensions are unknown. Research Question: The question of this research is, what are the consequences of the nested network on the foreign policy of these three countries? Since the research questions emerged from a debate unfolded, the subject of how the analytical apparatus can be efficient is important. Answering this question and solving the above-mentioned basic concern without considering the theoretical model that analyzes the situation related to nested networks is impossible and perhaps very difficult, and it requires following a path that is unclear due to the newness of the subject and many of its aspects. The nested Network apparatus constitutes one of the pillars of the modern science of complexity that can be used here, it can allow us to understand the functioning of the nested network and the emergence of collective phenomena.   Research method: From the methodology aspect, due to the nature of the research subject, the analogical model based on the nested network rules will be used. in this model, every international SYSTEM consists of a set of SYSTEMs, in other words, from the point of view of the network, every network contains a set of networks within itself, (network of networks) Nestedness in this research is a concept will apply where it was used to analyze patterns of overlap in clusters of different regional networks in a distinguished network. Discussion: Although China, Russia, and Iran, are now often viewed as an aligned group, their cooperation has been bilateral so far. The issue of Iran, Russia, and China is mentioned as three countries whose foreign policy is based on the challenging world order and the design of the new order, so from this point of view, China Russia, and Iran prefer a multi-centric international SYSTEM. In this respect, we can find several common points in their foreign policy and common challenges. In international relations theory, it has been accepted that a transition of power occurs when an emerging great power challenges the international order that is established, shaped, and controlled by the hegemonic power in the global power cycle therefore  This transition occurs at the global level. This argument about the transition of power in a complex and chaotic order is not efficient and incorrect. In a nonlinear international SYSTEM, the transition is bifurcated and will occur in regional and subnetworks and clusters (down-up). In this way, all the above-mentioned three states are at the center of the transition of power in the world order. This is where the second issue arises, and that is their position in the turning points included in the cycle of the transition of power. A survey of this issue shows a sharing in their position in the turning points at the regional network. This issue makes them common in the presence of increasing power dynamics, this arrangement of the regional network and nested network model of their foreign policy leads them to the strategic cooperation model. In this regard, the rules of nested networks are proposed as the rules of their cooperation. The growing complexity in regional international politics and the starting of a new turning point in regional studies in a framework named nested network REGIONALISM sheds new light on the foreign policy of Iran, Russia, and China relative to each other. Iran, China, and Russia are among the states that are involved in such REGIONALISM for various reasons, including common participation in a part of the scene of operations in the international SYSTEM and the transition of power, as well as overlap and synergy in various dynamics of the SYSTEM, including power and economy. It is a strategic requirement in their foreign policy. Their nested REGIONALISM is based on complex international SYSTEMs and their theoretical propositions. Based on this, overlapping in geography and neighborhood, Nestedness in regional dynamics and fluidity of power and flow of communication in their nested network, border crossing and feedback mechanisms between Iran, Russia, and China have caused a regional network that subordinate behavioral patterns of these countries to   especial rules including nested network’s rules. Network rules are allowed or restricted actions that are performed by these states. Overlapping in the dimensions of regional order such as structural, dynamic, cyclical, behavioral, and control are the most important parameters affecting their regional order. Generally, the effects of nested REGIONALISM of Iran, Russia, and China are as follows: Shaping the network environment and turning it into the main actor of deterrence against threats, Helping  to shape a  power-threat equation in deterrence against a common enemy or rival, Reproducing the defense-offense equation Reproducing power and as a result, providing the ability to threaten the enemy. Their Nested REGIONALISM and nonlinear deterrence actions against an adversary Nested REGIONALISM increases the cost of Hostile actions of members against each other Their Nest REGIONALISM enables and strengthens the defense-offensive strategy  thereupon their collective deterrence Nest REGIONALISM will finally push the deterrence model towards an institutional model and thereby make the collective deterrence of these three countries possible in the form of an institutional deterrence   as a result expanding its layers to the external environment

Globalization in recent decades has increased international trade and has also deeply influenced the political economy of countries. Simultaneously, and as a counter-trend, new REGIONALISM has experienced a rising trend over the last two decades in different parts of the world, leading to increase in trade among the member countries of a regional organization and to the smoother flow of financial and human resources within the region. Some consider this to further expand and entrench globalization. For others, however, the new trend has resulted in overall global economic decline, lower volumes of trade between the regions, and further loss for other regions and countries. From this vantage point, REGIONALISM is considered a major obstacle standing in the way of globalization. This article argues that new REGIONALISM, despite its fluctuations, not only does not constitute an obstacle to globalization, but also creates a road map for engaging in global processes. It also attempts to suggest a basic mechanism for guiding and accelerating the process of globalization, especially in times of crisis in global SYSTEMs, when, more often than not, regional unions tend to become more protectionists.

In this article, thanks to phenomenological approach, an attempt is made to account the correlation between globalization and neo-REGIONALISM. In the process, the finding of this scholar convinced him to reject antithetical correlation between the two. Instead, he argues neo-REGIONALISM is and ecopolitical current to adjust globalization. In the final analysis, it is argued both currents are reinforcing one another in transforming the underlying structure of global SYSTEM.

Founded in 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that comprises of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Seri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Based on its charter, the key objectives are defined in the following terms: promotion of people welfare and quality of life; acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; appreciation of mutual trust and understanding; promotion of active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; strengthening the cooperation among the member countries in international forums on matters of common interest; and to cooperate with international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes; and so on. Nevertheless, despite its organizing principles and sublime purposes, there have been several diverging issues within the associated region: territorial disputes (India and Pakistan or Afghanistan and Pakistan), interference of global powers, asymmetric power structure, interior instability within member states, and the strategic situation of South East Asia has posed problems on the realization of convergence and REGIONALISM reflected in the SAARC agreements. The main question is what are the major effects of SAARC agreements in REGIONALISM? This paper attempts to analyze such an agreements in terms of regional arrangements.

Introduction: REGIONALISM has been introduced as a conventional model of interaction in international relations and it is also a different model of exercising power in international arena which is based on values such as cooperation, unity and peace. REGIONALISM has undergone a transformation since the Cold War. The classical model of REGIONALISM was the European model and some developing countries tried to copy the European REGIONALISM model and implement it in their regions. But the European REGIONALISM model was based on the goals and needs of European countries and was not suitable for other regions so developing countries have designed and implemented new models of REGIONALISM. Modern REGIONALISM does not have the elements of the European-oriented model. Organizations such as NAFTA, ASEAN and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are examples of new and different models of REGIONALISM that have broken the monopoly of the European model of REGIONALISM and have launched their own model of REGIONALISM. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is one of the important regional organizations that offers a new model of REGIONALISM, and the Islamic Republic of Iran is also a member. In this article, we examined the interaction pattern of the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the mechanisms of convergence and the challenges and perspectives of the REGIONALISM of this organization.Research Question: The main question of this research is what is the REGIONALISM model of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization? What are the interactive patterns and mechanisms for convergence in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?Research Hypothesis: Considering that in this research we have used the SYSTEMatic exploration strategy and historical review technique, we have not presented a hypothesis for this research because the main question of this article is about the REGIONALISM model of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the answer to this question is related to the issues objectives and existing mechanisms in the structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Therefore, the answer to such a question requires examining the structure of this organization, documents, reports and historical events related to the convergence of this organization, so in this research we did not pay attention to the hypothesis or its possible answer.Methodology (and Theoretical Framework if there are): To answer the main question in this research, the SYSTEMatic exploration strategy and historical review technique have been used. In this strategy, the author does not provide any hypothesis for the main question and instead of checking the validity of the hypothesis, he directly refers to the evidence. Documents, reports, historical events, books and articles are the sources that are examined to answer the main question. Therefore, based on the historical study technique, we examined a historical period from 2001 until now, that is, since the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization until now and we examined the sources available in this historical period and we were able to identify the patterns of internal interaction, the mechanism to identify the convergences, challenges and perspectives of the REGIONALISM of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.Results and Discussion: The findings show that since the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, two different models of REGIONALISM have been formed in this organization. The first model was common since the establishment of the organization until 2017, we call this model "guided", in fact, the structure of this REGIONALISM model was "2 + 4". Two countries, Russia and China, were leading four other Central Asian countries towards REGIONALISM. Russia and China provided financial support to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and provided practical ideas and plans to strengthen REGIONALISM. But after the two nuclear countries India and Pakistan joined this organization in 2017, the second model of REGIONALISM began. In fact, the "guided" model was changed to the "pervasive" model. In this model, the "2 + 4" pattern has been changed and different branches have been created in the organization. The leadership role of Russia and China has decreased and each country is trying to independently use the REGIONALISM capacities of this organization. Based on this pervasive model, Iran's permanent membership has been accepted and Turkey's permanent membership is also being considered. With the increase in the number of members and the diversity of their interests, the fields of activity of the organization have expanded and various mechanisms have been launched to strengthen convergence. These mechanisms work in different fields including security, economic and cultural. These mechanisms are the most important factors for the deepening of convergence in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization because they provide the conditions for mutual trust between the member countries of the organization and facilitate cooperation and participation.Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that the concept of convergence has been continuously enriched and developed since the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Convergence mechanisms have become more efficient and advanced and various fields of cooperation have expanded, so the possibility of cooperation in this organization has been facilitated and the motivation for the effective participation of the Shanghai Organization in global governance has increased. The organization now has the capacity to act as a driving force for the reconstruction of the new world order, but it should not be forgotten that the organization lacks a "strong collective identity", and there are many internal conflicts among members. The different religions, languages, cultures and histories of each of the member countries prevent the formation of a common identity and the conflicts between India and China, India and Pakistan, as well as Russia and China are so deep that we cannot easily ignore them. Therefore, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization does not have a sufficient condition (strong collective identity) to achieve complete convergence, but in general, the organization has been able to maintain mutual trust among members with agreements and annual meetings of the heads of member states and joint projects. Therefore, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has the necessary condition (mutual trust) for REGIONALISM.

REGIONALISM as a manifestation of international cooperation began in Europe after the Second World War, but this spread gradually to other geographical regions including the Latin America and Southeast Asia. The end of the Cold War and the bipolar SYSTEM provided new opportunities and possibilities for the establishment, enhancement and expansion of new REGIONALISM. New REGIONALISM differs from old REGIONALISM in some respects including agency, the motivation of the agency, as well as direction and scope of cooperation and integration. Since there is a close interrelationship between theory and practice especially with respect to the experience of European integration, this article seeks to explore changes in the theories of REGIONALISM in a response to the change in the process of REGIONALISM. Such changes have been manifested in the theorization on regional studies in a way that the presumptions of the existing REGIONALISM theories have been revised and on the other hand new REGIONALISM theories have been devised which are based on different meta-theory foundations. The author discusses such theories as neo - functionalism, neo-liberal institutionalism, neo-realism, constructivism, critical theory and globalism in order to reveal and explain the aforementioned changes.